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A Guide to Tea Types

by Whittard of Chelsea

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Published . Reviewed

Baffled by black tea? Puzzled by puerh? Never fear: we've put together a handy guide to the different types of tea.

A close-up, textured background featuring Earl Grey Loose Leaf Tea, showcasing black tea leaves blended with small pieces of dried orange peel and scattered blue cornflower petals, all accented by the distinctive aroma of bergamot.

How to Make

  • Black tea is fully oxidised, meaning that molecules in the tea react with oxygen to give the leaves a rich, robust flavour. Aside from that, black tea can vary hugely in taste: a delicate Darjeeling could hardly be more different from a sweet, malty Assam or a smoky Lapsang Souchong.
  • Many of our black teas are flavoured with fruit, spices or even flower petals, or infused with essential oils to complement the flavour of the tea. Their natural depth and richness makes them the perfect base for a wide range of different flavour combinations – why not get exploring?
  • HOW TO BREW:
  • Black tea is more robust than other tea types, so don't hold back: we recommend brewing in freshly boiled water for 3–5 minutes. An exception is First Flush Darjeeling, which is unusually delicate for black tea and should be brewed at around 90°C for no longer than 3 or 4 minutes.
  1. 1.
    Picking - More mature leaves are usually chosen for black tea.
  2. 2.
    Withering - The leaves are laid out on racks to dry for several hours.
  3. 3.
    Rolling - Rolling the leaves in large drums triggers oxidation.
  4. 4.
    Oxidation - Enzymes in the leaves react with oxygen, changing their taste.
  5. 5.
    Drying - Finally, the leaves are dried, sorted and packed.

Speciality Teas

Tea production is a centuries-old art, and throughout its long history, tea growers have experimented with different techniques - from firing and steaming to more unusual methods like the steam oxidation used to produce yellow tea.

Oolong

Partially oxidised and often hand-rolled, oolong tea spans a spectrum of styles, from distinctive high-grown varieties to light, creamy blends.

How to Brew

Add one teaspoon (around 2g) of loose leaf tea per cup to an infuser or teapot. Pour over freshly drawn water that has been boiled and left to cool for a minute or two, to around 90°C. Brew for 3 minutes.

White Tea

The least processed form of tea, white tea is simply left to dry, creating a light, delicate infusion with a subtle natural sweetness.

How to Brew

Add two teaspoons (around 4g) of loose leaf tea per cup to an infuser or teapot. Pour over freshly boiled water cooled to around 80°C, then brew for 2-3 minutes.

Pu-Erh Tea

Famous for its distinctive processing and flavour, Pu-erh tea is fermented, sometimes for decades, creating a rich, smooth and deeply aromatic infusion.

How to Brew

Add one teaspoon (around 2g) of loose leaf tea per cup to an infuser or teapot. Cover the leaves with freshly boiled water, then immediately discard the water to help awaken the leaves. Refill with freshly drawn boiled water and brew for up to 2 minutes.

Yellow Tea

Smooth and nutty, yellow tea is the rarest type of tea in the world, produced in minute quantities through a painstaking process of carefully piling and monitoring the leaves.

How to Brew

Add two teaspoons (around 4g) of loose leaf tea per cup to an infuser or teapot. Pour over freshly boiled water cooled to around 70-80°C and brew for 2-3 minutes, according to taste.